Recommending eye examinations

All adults with diabetes should undergo an initial comprehensive, dilated eye examination by an ophthalmologist knowledgeable and experienced in diagnosing retinopathy and its management.

• Type 1 diabetes: Initial eye examination should occur within 5 years after the onset of diabetes.
• Type 2 diabetes: Initial eye examination should occur shortly after diagnosis.

All patients with diabetes should receive annual follow-up eye examinations by an ophthalmologist.

• More frequent evaluation is indicated if retinopathy is progressive.
• Less frequent evaluations (every 2 to 3 years) may be considered on the advice of any eye care professional following one or more normal eye exams.

Women with diabetes who are planning a pregnancy should receive a comprehensive eye examination and should be counseled on the risk of the development or progression of retinopathy. For women with diabetes who are pregnant, a comprehensive eye examination is indicated during the first trimester.

From the ACP Diabetes Care Guide.